The Voluntary Approach to GHG Reduction: A Case Study of BC Hydro
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Voluntary programs for environmental protection are increasingly popular with governments, but it is difficult to assess the extent to which such programs change the behaviour of firms. We conduct a hindsight decision analysis of the electricity supply strategy that BC Hydro chose in the late 1990s while it participated in a Canadian government program for voluntary greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. The electric utility chose an electricity generation strategy for 2000 - 20 I0 that under its own input assumptions provides negligible financial advantage relative to a strategy that dramatically lowers GHG emissions. If BC Hydro's decision is indicative of other industries during the 1990s, this may explain in part the continued increase in Canadian industrial GHG emissions in the decade since the launching of the voluntary program, and Canada's inability to achieve its 1992 target of reducing emissions back to 1990 levels by 2000.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it