LA DÉMOGRAPHIE RUSSE : UN FREIN À L'EXPANSION DU MARCHÉ * [Russian population : a brake on market expansion]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: Le poids demographique de la Russie est bien evidemment plus faible que celui de l’URSS, apres l’independance au debut des annees 1990 de quinze republiques ex-sovietiques. Neanmoins, la Russie compte la huitieme population des Etats de la planete et est le plus peuple des seize Etats issus de l’implosion sovietique, tres largement devant l’Ukraine, trois fois moins peuplee. En outre, la Russie dispose de la plus vaste superficie du monde, avec 17,095 milliers de km2, loin devant le deuxieme, le Canada, 9,982 km2.Surtout grâce a ses industries d’extraction, le taux de croissance economique de la Russie apparait eleve, ce qui augmente la demande globale dans ce pays. Neanmoins, le nombre de consommateurs diminue en raison d’un mouvement demographique naturel deficitaire, puisque le nombre des deces depasse celui des naissances depuis 1992. Et le solde migratoire n’est pas suffisamment positif pour enrayer un depeuplement continu. Quant aux perspectives, elles laissent entrevoir une poursuite de la baisse de la population de la Russie.English Abstract: The demographic weight of Russia is obviously lower than that of the USSR, after independence in the early 1990s fifteen former Soviet republics. Nevertheless, Russia has the eighth U.S. population in the world and is the most populous of the sixteen states of the Soviet implosion, well ahead of Ukraine, three times less populated. In addition, Russia has the largest area in the world with 17,095 thousand km2, far ahead of the second, Canada, 9,982 km2.Especially thanks to its extractive industries, the rate of economic growth of Russia appears high, which increases aggregate demand in this country. However, the number of consumers decreases due to natural population movement deficit, since the number of deaths exceeds the number of births since 1992. And net migration is not positive enough to stop an ongoing depopulation. About the prospects, they suggest a further decline of the population of Russia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".