An Investigation of Causal Relationship Between Fiscal Deficits, Economic Growth and Money Supply in Nigeria (1970-2009)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study posits to investigate the relationship between fiscal deficits, economic growth and money supply in Nigeria. In Nigeria, huge fiscal deficits had been recorded over some years. What has been the nature of the relationship between fi scal defi cits, economic growth and money supply in Nigeria? To answer this question, Granger causality test was conducted to see whether fi scal defi cits granger cause economic growth and money supply or economic growth and money supply granger cause fiscal deficits. The results show that fiscal deficits granger causes economic growth and broad money supply in Nigeria. This implies that fiscal deficits positively affect economic growth and money supply in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that fiscal deficits should be undertaken with efficient and well-executed plan for economic development. Furthermore, fi scal and monetary policies should be coordinated in such a way that both the public or private sector of the economy should not be handicapped due to shortage of finance and at the same time, infl ation is checked in the economy. Key words : Fiscal defi cits; Economic growth; Money supply; Public expenditure; Public revenue; Granger causality Resume Cette etude est dans le but d’etudier la relation entre les defi cits budgetaires, la croissance economique et la masse monetaire au Nigeria. Au Nigeria, d’enormes deficits budgetaires ont ete enregistres en quelques annees. Quelle a ete la nature de la relation entre les defi cits budgetaires, la croissance economique et la masse monetaire au Nigeria? Pour repondre a cette question, le test de causalite de Granger a ete mene afi n de voir si les defi cits budgetaires granger provoquer la croissance economique et l’offre de l’argent ou la croissance economique et l’offre de monnaie granger provoquer des deficits budgetaires. Les resultats montrent que l’exercice granger defi cits provoque la croissance economique et de l’offre monetaire au sens large du Nigeria. Cela implique que les defi cits budgetaires infl uer positivement sur la croissance economique et l’offre de monnaie au Nigeria. Il est donc recommande que les deficits budgetaires devraient etre entrepris au plan efficace et bien executee pour le developpement economique. En outre, les politiques budgetaires et monetaires doivent etre coordonnes de maniere a ce que le secteur public ou prive de l’economie ne devrait pas etre handicape en raison d'un manque de finances et dans le meme temps, l’inflation est verifiee dans l’economie. Mots cles : Deficits budgetaires; La Croissance economique; La masse monetaire; Les depenses publiques; Les recettes publiques; La Causalite de Granger
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".