FACETING ABOVE CRUSTS AND ASSOCIATED SLAB AVALANCHING IN THE COLUMBIA MOUNTAINS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerous slab avalanches including unexpected human triggered avalanches are re- ported on crusts. For 70 dry slab avalanches that slid on a crust in the Columbia Mountains of western Canada, detailed profiles showed faceted crystals (60%) or surface hoar (33%) on the crust. Many of the facet layers were thin (<5-10 mm thick) and difficult to observe in manual snow profiles without snow- pack tests. Two field studies with closely spaced thermistors showed faceting at the base of the overly- ing dry snow within a day. One time series of shear frame tests of facets-on-crust showed an initial strength loss during faceting followed by a slow strength increase. Observations of the spatial distribu- tion of near crust faceting are summarized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".