Microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of chemically derived modified lead titanate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chemical coprecipitation and gel processing techniques have been used to synthesize precursor powders of a modified lead titanate composition. The effects of powder processing parameters and sintering conditions on the microstructure and dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties of the products are discussed. Powders and products produced by the conventional attrition milling process are compared to those produced by chemical processing techniques. It is found that, among the three processing methods considered (gel, coprecipitation, and attrition milling), gel processing provides the most reactive precursor powders. SEM (scanning electron microscope) studies indicate that, compared with conventional attrition milling, the chemically derived powders contain highly agglomerated large particles when heat treated to 750 degrees C. However, the chemically derived material can easily be crushed to yield a submicron particle size that can provide high-density sintered disks. The dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties are also significantly influenced by the methods used to produce the precursor powders.>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".