Comparative innate immune gene expression in chicken intestine after in vivo challenge with commensal (Campylobacter) and pathogenic (Salmonella) bacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal bacterium in chickens and a major cause of food poisoning in humans. It is unknown whether the intestinal immune response has a role in establishing the commensal state. The innate immune responses of 4 week‐old broiler chickens to C. jejuni challenge (10 8 bacteria) were studied and compared with an avian pathogen, Salmonella enterica . Challenged and control birds were sacrificed 6 hours post‐challenge, RNA was extracted and cDNA synthesised. Selected genes involved in pathogen detection and innate immune response to bacterial infection were profiled in the caecum by quantitative real‐time PCR. A significant increase in the expression of TLR21 was observed after challenge with both types of bacteria ( P < 0.05) compared to control birds. TLR4 expression was increased 4‐fold after C. jejuni challenge only ( P = 0.02). IL6 was increased in response to both commensal and pathogenic challenges ( P < 0.02). In contrast, IL8 mRNA expression was decreased 4‐fold in response to C. jejuni but increased 5‐fold to S. enterica challenge ( P = 0). Antimicrobial peptides were differentially expressed in both models. Specifically, AvBD6 was increased by 24‐fold in response to S. enterica infection ( P = 0). Results indicate that C. jejuni induces early innate immune gene expression changes, some similar to and others distinct from pathogenic challenge Funding: FIRM, Ireland
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".