Movement from Object Position in Chinese: a Restriction on Substitution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a subject-object asymmetry in Chinese, such that the extraction of a possessor NP from a possessive NP is quite free from subject position but restricted from object position.A possessive tJ P consists of a possessor NP which is the modifier, and a possessed NP that is the head, usually remaining in the subject or object position.When a possessive NP functions as subject in a simple sentence, the possessor NP can always be extracted to clause-initial position to act as a new topic of the sentence, but only a few possessor NPs can be extracted from object position.This article analyzes the substitutability of NPs in subject and object position, concluding that where there is a restriction on NP movement from object position, this is essentially caused by a semantic contradiction possibly created during the movement.Based on a hierarchy of NP subcategories, 9-roles, and possessive relations, this paper also develops two generalizations to stipulate the necessary conditions for the movement of relevant NPs from object position.This work may therefore help provide an explanation for subject-object asymmetry in Chinese.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".