Majority carrier transport in single crystal rutile nanowire arrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract magnified image Monocrystalline n‐TiO2 nanowires of the rutile phase (Rtl‐NWs) grown by a scalable hydrothermal method constitute a functional oxide nanomaterial with potential applications in photovoltaics, photocatalysts, field emitters and electrochemical battery anodes. Carrier transport in Rtl‐NWs is of fundamental importance but has hitherto been inferred indirectly via impedance and intensity‐modulated spectroscopic techniques. We report an effective electron drift mobility of 1.95 × 10–5 cm2 V–1 s–1 in rutile nanowire arrays directly measured using the time‐of‐flight (TOF) and space charge limited current techniques. In addition, we measure an equilibrium free electron concentration of ∼1014 cm–3 and a trap density of 3.5 × 1016 cm–3 in rutile nanowires. These results point to the importance of reducing traps to improve charge transport in rutile nanowires. magnified image Transient photocurrents in rutile nanowires. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".