ÉPOCAS DE APLICAÇÃO DE REGULADOR DE CRESCIMENTO E DE SOMBREAMENTO ARTIFICIAL AFETANDO CULTIVARES DE TRIGO
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
O uso do regulador de crescimento trinexapac-ethyl visa reduzir a altura das plantas de trigo evitando assim o acamamento e as perdas ocasionadas por ele. Além disso, o regulador modifica a arquitetura foliar fazendo com que a planta tenha um melhor aproveitamento da radiação solar. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de épocas de aplicação do regulador de crescimento trinexapac-ethyl, associado ou não ao sombreamento artificial em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento do trigo, realizaram-se três experimentos na Fazenda Escola da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, no município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, dois no ano de 2010 e um no ano de 2011. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial, sendo que no ano de 2010 foi 4 x 3 (épocas de aplicação do trinexapac-ethyl x épocas de sombreamento) nas cultivares de trigo Quartzo e Supera, e no ano de 2011 no esquema 4 x 4 (épocas de aplicação do trinexapac-ethyl x épocas de sombreamento), na cultivar Quartzo. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro épocas de aplicação do trinexapac-ethyl (sem aplicação, no perfilhamento, entre o 1o e o 2o nó perceptível e entre o 2o e o 3o nó perceptível) na dose de 100 g.ha-1 em ambos os anos e de quatro épocas de sombreamento artificial (sem cobertura, da fase de emborrachamento ao espigamento, do espigamento + 15 dias (x) e x + 15 dias) no ano de 2011 de três épocas (sem cobertura, do espigamento + 15 dias (x) e x + 15 dias) no ano de 2010. Não houve interação entre os tratamentos para as características avaliadas. Nos dois ensaios realizados não foram observadas diferenças para diâmetro do colmo, área foliar, e índice de colheita. O sombreamento artificial não afetou o número de espigas por metro, de grãos por espigueta e de perfilhos por planta nos dois anos, e o menor peso de grãos ocorreu quando o sombreamento foi realizado no final da antese e enchimento de grãos (X + 15). O número de espiguetas por espigas não foi influenciado pelo sombreamento na safra 2010, porém na safra 2011 o sombreamento no final do espigamento + 15 dias aumentou o número de espiguetas por espiga. O trinexapac-ethyl não influenciou a maioria dos componentes de produção avaliados. O sombreamento não interferiu na altura de plantas. Na safra 2011, com a aplicação do regulador de crescimento entre o primeiro e segundo nó e entre o segundo e terceiro nó perceptível a altura de plantas foi menor. A produtividade não foi afetada pelas épocas de aplicação do trinexapac-ethyl. Na safra 2011 o sombreamento artificial efetuado no final da antese e enchimento de grãos (X + 15 dias) resultou em menor produtividade.Palavras-chave: Triticum aestivum; trinexapac-ethyl; sombreamento. Abstract: The use of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl intends to reduce the height of wheat plants, avoiding lodging and losses caused by it. In addition, it causes changes on the leaf architecture making the plant have a better use of solar radiation. Intending to evaluate the effects of application times of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl with or without artificial shade at different growth stages of wheat, three experiments were made in the Farm School of Ponta Grossa State University, in the municipality of Ponta Grossa, Parana, two in 2010 and one in 2011. The experimental design was made with randomized blocks of four repetitions in a factorial design, where in 2010 it was 4 x 3 (times of application of trinexapac-ethyl x shading time) in Quartzo and Supera wheat cultivar and in 2011 it was made in 4 x 4 schedule (time of application of trinexapac-ethyl x shading time), in Quartzo cultivar. Treatments consisted in four periods of application of trinexapac-ethyl (without application, in the sequence, between first and second perceivable knot and between second and third perceivable knot) with the dose of 100g.ha-1 in each years and four seasons of shading (without coverage, in the rubbery to earingstage + 15 days (x), X + 15 days) in 2011 and three seasons (without coverage, the earingstage + 15 days (x) and X + 15 days) in 2010. There was not any interaction observedbetween the treatments for the evaluated characteristics. There were no differencesobserved for stem diameter, leaf area and harvest index in both trials. The artificial shadedid not affect the number of spikes per meter, grains per spikelet, number of sequencesper plant in two years and the lowest grain yield occurred when the shading was done atthe end of anthesis and grain filling (X + 15). The number of spikelets per spike was notaffected by shading in the 2010 harvest, but in the 2011 harvest the period of shadingdone at the end of earing stage + 15 days increased the number of spikelets per spike.The trinexapac-ethyl did not affect most of the yield components evaluated. Shading didnot affect the plant height. In the 2011 harvest, with the application of growth regulatorbetween the first and second knot and between the second and third knot visible madethe plant height lower. The yield was not affected by trinexapac-ethyl applications timing.In the 2011 harvest the shading done at the end of anthesis and grain filling (X + 15 days)resulted in lower productivity.Keywords: Triticum aestivum; Trinexapac-ethyl; Shading.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it