End-to-End QoS Prediction of Vertical Service Composition in the Cloud
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a cloud-based service selection system, for a given request, there could be a large number of software services matching the functional requirements. The selection should then be done based on their QoS values. Since in a cloud environment, a software service might need collaboration from other types of cloud services (e.g., A software service delivered through an infrastructure service) to offer a complete solution to an end user, the selection system should have a way to measure the QoS values of the whole solution, instead of QoS of software services alone. This kind of end-to-end QoS values of cloud-based software solutions may or may not be available in recorded history logs. In this paper, we propose a model for predicting end-to-end QoS values of cloud-based software solutions composed of services from multiple cloud layers. It relies on the internal features of services and end users such as locations, configurations, functionality, and user profiles to calculate service similarity and then predict QoS values. The experiments demonstrate the accuracy of our approach. We also studied the impact of the proposed internal features on QoS prediction accuracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".