Anxiety in a Socially High-Risk Sample of Pregnant Women in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To determine if an anxiety dimension in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) could be identified in a sample of pregnant women with high social risk factors. Method: Four hundred women attending prenatal outreach programs, most of whom were single, low-income, and Aboriginal, participated in a study of feelings in pregnancy. The primary outcome measure was the EPDS. Data were also collected on sociodemographic, obstetrical–biological, psychological, and behavioural variables. Results: Factor analysis of the EPDS revealed 3 factors: anxiety, depression, and self-harm. The anxiety factor accounted for the greatest variance in the overall EPDS score. Comparisons of different groups of women revealed significantly more anxiety in the women aged under 19 years, compared with those over 25 years ( P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed anxiety was associated with age, stressors (that is, pregnancy, health of the baby, birth of the baby, money, and other), history of depression, and fluctuating moods. Conclusions: Anxiety symptoms were predominant in the emotional distress identified by the EPDS in this sample of socially high-risk pregnant women. Younger women appear to experience the highest levels of anxiety. Anxiety in pregnancy in socially high-risk women should not be normalized. Objectif: Déterminer si la dimension de l'anxiété à l'échelle de dépression postnatale d'Édimbourg (EPDS) pouvait être identifiée dans un échantillon de femmes enceintes ayant des facteurs de risque sociaux très élevés. Méthode: Quatre cents femmes assistant à des programmes prénataux de service d'approche, dont la plupart étaient célibataires, à faible revenu, et autochtones ont participé à une étude de sentiments durant la grossesse. La principale mesure des résultats était l'EPDS. Les données ont été recueillies sur des variables sociodémographiques, obstétrico–biologiques, psychologiques, et comportementales. Résultats: L'analyse factorielle de l'EPDS a révélé 3 facteurs: l'anxiété, la dépression, et l'automutilation. Le facteur anxiété représentait la plus grande variance dans le score global à l'EPDS. Les comparaisons de différents groupes de femmes ont révélé significativement plus d'anxiété chez les femmes de moins de 19 ans, comparativement à celles de plus de 25 ans ( P < 0,01). L'analyse de régression linéaire indiquait que l'anxiété était associée à l'âge, aux stresseurs (c'est-à-dire, la grossesse, la santé du bébé, la naissance du bébé, l'argent, et d'autres), aux antécédents de dépression, et aux humeurs changeantes. Conclusions: Les symptômes d'anxiété étaient prédominants dans la détresse émotionnelle identifiée par l'EPDS dans cet échantillon de femmes enceintes socialement à risque élevé. L'anxiété durant la grossesse chez les femmes socialement à risque élevé ne devrait pas être normalisée.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".