Discovery and identification of extra gauge bosons in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>−</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>¯</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examine the sensitivity of the process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ to extra gauge bosons, ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${W}^{\ensuremath{'}},$ which arise in various extensions of the standard model. The process is found to be sensitive to ${W}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ masses up to several TeV, depending on the model, the center of mass energy, and the assumed integrated luminosity. If extra gauge bosons were discovered first in other experiments, the process could also be used to measure ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ and ${W}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ couplings. This measurement would provide information that could be used to unravel the underlying theory, complementary to measurements at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.051 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".