Choice of X‐ray mass attenuation coefficients for PIXE analysis of silicate minerals and rocks
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The accuracy of each of three mass attenuation coefficient databases was assessed using particle‐induced X‐ray emission measurements performed on well‐characterized, homogeneous silicate glass and mineral standards. In a fundamental parameters computation, the absolute efficiency constants of the light elements Mg, Al and Si, found within each standard, were determined. These were compared with the efficiency constants deduced from separate particle‐induced X‐ray emission measurements performed on pure targets of the same three elements. In this comparison, a 7–9% discrepancy was found when using the XCOM database for the computation, but this was reduced to 2–5% when FFAST coefficients were substituted. Further improvement was achieved when a hybrid database was adopted. This ‘Mixed’ database consisted of primarily XCOM coefficients with FFAST values inserted for the light element ( Z = 11,…, 14) attenuation of photons having energy less than their K edge and for oxygen in the 1–2 keV range. The average efficiency constant discrepancies were reduced to −0.5–2%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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