Mechanisms to limit higher mode effects in a controlled rocking steel frame. 1: Concept, modelling, and low‐amplitude shake table testing
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMARY Controlled rocking steel frames have been proposed as an efficient way to avoid the structural damage and residual deformations that are expected in conventional seismic force resisting systems. Although the base rocking response is intended to limit the force demands, higher mode effects can amplify member design forces, reducing the viability of the system. This paper suggests that seismic forces may be limited more effectively by providing multiple force‐limiting mechanisms. Two techniques are proposed: detailing one or more rocking joints above the base rocking joint and providing a self‐centring energy dissipative (SCED) brace at one or more levels. These concepts are applied to the design of an eight‐storey prototype structure and a shake table model at 30% scale. A simple numerical model that was used as a design tool is in good agreement with frequency characterization and low‐amplitude seismic tests of the shake table model, particularly when multiple force‐limiting mechanisms are active. These results suggest that the proposed mechanisms can enable better capacity design by reducing the variability of peak seismic force demands without causing excessive displacements. Similar results are expected for other systems that rely on a single location of concentrated nonlinearity to limit peak seismic loads. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it