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Occurrence of Viruses in US Groundwaters

2003· article· en· W1564984913 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueAmerican Water Works Association · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicViral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
Canadian institutionsAmerican Water (Canada)
FundersCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAmerican Water Works Association Research Foundation
KeywordsGroundwaterEnvironmental scienceSampling (signal processing)ContaminationMicroorganismIndicator bacteriaFecal coliformIndicator organismBiologyBacteriaEnvironmental chemistryWater qualityEnvironmental engineeringChemistryEcologyGeology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

US groundwater may be subjected to fecal contamination from a variety of sources. This study sought to develop a preliminary assessment database on virus occurrence in groundwater systems at the national level. Information on physical and geological characteristics of groundwater wells, along with various microbial and physicochemical water quality parameters, was collected, and possible correlation with the presence of human viruses was investigated. Groundwater samples from 448 sites in 35 states were collected and assayed for microorganisms and chemical contaminants. Infective viruses, viral nucleic acid, bacteriophages, and bacteria were present in 4.8, 31.5, 20.7, and 15.1% of samples, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that one‐time sampling is not sufficient for proper risk characterization. No significant direct correlations existed between the presence of virus and microbial indicators. However, when only the sites with repeat sampling were examined for correlations between indicators and pathogens, it was observed that if a site tested positive for a microbial indicator, it also tested positive at some point in time for pathogens.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.007
Threshold uncertainty score0.227

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.306
Teacher spread0.288 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it