Benchmarking Transport Policy in an Aging Society in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a greater recognition of the transportation implications of an aging society in impacting health, quality of life and the environment so much so that policy movements for its greater recognition in government policies has been substantial in Europe and North America. This paper surveys five interrelated policy areas that directly and indirectly affect elderly mobility: travel mode preference, infrastructure stock and investments, land-use-transportation linkage, research and technology and management reform. The geographic focus of the study is Ontario, the most populous province and considered the engine of economic growth of Canada. Analysis showed that demographic aging concerns are not articulated directly in Ontario?s transport policies, although these are being indirectly addressed. Moreover, while there has been a return of provincial funding support for municipal public transit after almost a decade long subsidy cut, a great deal of catching up is needed to renew, expand and make more accessible the existing transit systems as well as increase support to specialized transport services to respond to a growing and aging population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".