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Record W1565452268 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v56i1.406

Pharmacist-Managed Lipid Clinics: Development and Implementation in the Canadian Forces

2003· article· en· W1565452268 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Lieutenant Colonel Régis Vaillancourt, L. Maria Gutschi, Janice Ma, Major Shannon Sinclair, Danette Beechinor

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Canadian institutionsQueen Elizabeth II Health Sciences CentreCanadian Armed Forces
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicinePharmacistFamily medicinePharmacyDyslipidemiaReferralAmbulatoryProtocol (science)ChemistDiseaseAlternative medicineInternal medicine

Abstract

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ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Two previous studies performed at the authors’ facilities demonstrated gaps in dyslipidemia management, especially for patients at high and very high risk for cardiovascular disease. Because lipid clinics have been shown to improve attainment of treatment goals and adherence with drug therapy, pharmacist-based lipid clinics were incorporated into existing ambulatory care family medicine clinics. Methods: A pharmacist-managed protocol for a lipid clinic was developed on the basis of published literature and received formal approval from the Canadian Forces Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee in January 2000. Pharmacists employed in Canadian Forces medical clinics were authorized to titrate dosages of lipid-lowering drugs, substitute drugs within a class of agents, order laboratory tests, provide lifestyle counselling, and refer patients to other health care professionals as required to attain or achieve lipid control. Initiation of a new medication, switch to a different drug class, or addition of a second lipidlowering agent required physician consultation and approval. Clinic appointments were made on the basis of referral from physicians, pharmacists, or the patients themselves. The lipid clinic protocol was applied differently at each of the 3 designated Canadian Forces medical clinics (in Ottawa, Halifax, and Victoria). The pharmacist was available in the family practice office one afternoon per week in Ottawa; the other 2 sites operated the lipid clinics from their pharmacies on a full-time basis. Results: Altogether, 144 patients were evaluated at least once by pharmacists employed at 1 of the 3 lipid clinics. Twenty-seven (19%) of the 144 patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 117 patients, only 58 patients (50%) were meeting their goal for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol at baseline, and only 39 patients (33%) met all target lipid levels as specified by the Canadian guidelines. At follow-up after pharmacist intervention and assessment, 94 (80%) of the 117 patients had achieved their LDL cholesterol goal, and 71 (61%) had met all target lipid goals. Only 24 (26%) of 93 pharmacists’ recommendations were directly related to drug therapy; the remainder were nonpharmacological recommendations. The primary care physicians accepted all recommendations. Conclusions: Pharmacist-based lipid clinics led to improved management of patients with dyslipidemia.  RESUME Contexte et objectifs : Deux etudes anterieures menees aux etablissements des auteurs ont mis en evidence des lacunes dans la prise en charge des dyslipidemies, particulierement chez les patients dont le risque de maladie cardiovasculaire etait eleve et tres eleve. Comme on sait que les conseils sur les dyslipidemies contribuent a ameliorer l’atteinte des objectifs et la fidelite au traitement avec des medicaments, des seancesconseils sur les dyslipidemies coordonnees par les pharmaciens ont ete combinees aux cliniques de soins ambulatoires en medecine familiale. Methodes : Un protocole fonde sur la litterature et coordonne par les pharmaciens dans le cadre de seances-conseils sur les dyslipidemies, a ete elabore et a recu l’approbation officielle du Comite de pharmacie et de therapeutique des Forces canadiennes en janvier 2000. Les pharmaciens au service des cliniques medicales des Forces canadiennes ont ete autorises a doser les agents hypolipidemiants, a substituer un de ces agents par un autre d’un meme classe, a demander des epreuves de laboratoire, a prodiguer des conseils sur les habitudes de vie et a adresser les patients a d’autres professionnels de la sante, au besoin, en vue d’atteindre les taux lipidiques desires. L’instauration d’un nouveau traitement medicamenteux, le passage a une classe de medicaments differente ou l’ajout d’un second hypolipidemiant necessitait la consultation et l’approbation d’un medecin. Les patients etaient diriges par les medecins ou les pharmaciens vers les pharmaciens de ces centres pour des seances-conseils sur les dyslipidemies, ou encore ils se presentaient d’eux-memes. Le protocole etait mis en oeuvre de facon differente a chacune des trois cliniques medicales designees des forces canadiennes (Ottawa, Halifax et Victoria). Le pharmacien etait present au bureau de medecine familiale un apres-midi par semaine a Ottawa ; les deux autres sites donnaient des seances-conseils sur les dyslipidemies dans le cadre de leur pharmacie respective, a plein temps. Resultats : Au total, 144 patients ont ete evalues au moins une fois par les pharmaciens au cours des seances-conseils sur les dyslipidemies. De ce nombre, 27 (19 %) ont ete perdus de vue. Des 117 patients restants, seulement 58 (50 %) avaient atteint leur taux de cholesterol LDL (lipoproteines de basse densite) a la date de la visite de reference, et seulement 39 patients (33 %) ont atteint tous les taux de lipides cibles, conformement aux lignes directrices canadiennes. A la visite de suivi, apres l’intervention et l’evaluation des pharmaciens, 94 (80 %) des 117 patients avaient atteint leur taux de cholesterol LDL cible et 71 (61 %) avaient atteint leur taux lipidique cible. Seulement 24 (26 %) des 93 recommandations emises par les pharmaciens etaient directement liees au traitement medicamenteux ; les autres consistaient en des recommandations non pharmacologiques. Les medecins des soins primaires ont accepte toutes les recommandations. Conclusions : Les seances-conseils sur les dyslipidemies coordonnees par les pharmaciens ont contribue a ameliorer la gestion des dyslipidemies.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.016
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.016
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.936
Threshold uncertainty score0.522

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0160.016
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0050.001
Scholarly communication0.0030.001
Open science0.0040.002
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.107
GPT teacher head0.419
Teacher spread0.312 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations3
Published2003
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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