Occurrence of Bacterial Brown Stripe of Creeping Bentgrass on Golf Course Green in Kyushu
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A bacterial disease of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) was observed in golf course in Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan in 2000. It was characterized by brown stripes of the leaf sheaths. A non.fluorescent, aerobic, Gram.negative bacterium was consistently isolated from the infected plants. Infiltration of ten of the isolates into tobacco leaves resulted in a typical hypersensitive reaction. When creeping bentgrass plants were inoculated with the suspect isolates, typical bacterial brown stripe symptoms similar to those after natural infections were reproduced. The pathogen was reisolated from infected leaves two weeks after inoculation, thereby fulfilling the Koch’s postulates. A sequence analysis of the genes coding for 16S rDNA revealed that the bacterium closely related to Acidovorax sp. On the basis of biochemical and physiological tests, the bacterium was identified as A. avenae subsp. avenae. The bacterium was pathogenic to Sorghum sudanense, S. vulgare, Zea mays, Avena sativa, Lolium multiflorum, Tricum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare. It was only weakly pathogenic to Oryzae sativa and Panicum maximum. It was not pathogenic to P. coloratum, Astragalus sinicus, Desmodium intortum, Medicago sativa and Lotus cornicolatus. This is the first report of bacterial brown strip of creeping bentgrass caused by A. avenae subsp. avenae occurred in Kyusyu.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".