Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada is one of the leading peat-producing countries in the world although this was not always so. Commercial peat operations began in Quebec in 1864. Early attempts to commercialize fuel peat failed by the 1880s. Renewed interest in fuel peat resumed in the 1890s, mostly in Ontario and Quebec. After World War I the federal government assisted by purchasing a commercial peat plant at Alfred, Ontario. Between the wars, the industry began to move away from fuel peat production to new production of horticultural peat and other peat-based products, a trend that was greatly accelerated during and after World War II. Indeed, World War II was a major turning point for the industry. European peat exports to the large American market were no longer economically viable, thereby creating new market opportunities for Canada. Although the industry largely began in Ontario and Quebec, British Columbia was one of the largest peat-producing regions in the world for a brief period following World War II. Today, commercial operations are virtually non-existent in Ontario and British Columbia. Quebec, New Brunswick, Manitoba and Alberta are the primary peat-producing regions of the country. Despite early difficulties, Canada's peat industry has become a vibrant and important industry, nationally and internationally. Resume Bien q'il n'en fut pas toujours ainsi, le Canada est maintenant l'un des plus importants producteurs de tourbe au monde, la production commerciale ayant debute au Quebec en 1864. Les premieres tentatives d'exploitation de la tourbe comme combustible ont echoue dans lesannees 1880 mais, on s'y est de nouveau interesse dans les annees 1890, surtout en Ontario et au Quebec. Apres la premiere guerre mondiale, le Canada a soutenu le developpement de cette industrie en se portant acquereur d'une exploitation situee a Alfred en Ontario. Entre les deux grandes guerres, l'industrie a progressive-ment delaisse la production de tourbe combustible pour s'interesser de plus enplus a des produits d'utilite horticole et autre, tendance qui s'est grandement acceleree pendant et apres la seconde grande guerre. La deuxieme grande guerrea vraiment constitue un point tournant pour cette industrie lorsque l'exportation de tourbe a partir de l'Europe vers le vaste marche americain s'etant tarie, tout ce marche s'est alors ouvert a l'industrie canadienne de la tourbe. Bien que cette industrie se soit surtout developpee en Ontario et au Quebec initialement, la Colombie Britannique fut l'une des plus importantes regions productrices de tourbe pendant une courte periode apres la fin de la deuxieme grande guerre. De nos jours, il n'existe pratiquement plus aucune activite d'exploitation commerciale en Ontario et en Colombie-Britannique. Le Quebec, le Nouveau-Brunswick, le Manitoba et l'Alberta sont les principales regions productrices du pays. En depit de ses difficultes initiales, l'industrie canadienne de la tourbe est devenue l'une des plus vigoureuse industrie tant sur le plan national qu'international.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".