« Duplessis ne donne pas aux étrangers. » Le regard du caricaturiste Robert La Palme sur les politiques du gouvernement Duplessis en matière d’immigration, 1944-1959
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between 1944 and 1959, in Le Canada and Le Devoir newspapers, caricaturist Robert La Palme tirelessly criticized Maurice Duplessis, Premier of the province of Québec. During these years, La Palme produced thousands of caricatures, a real theatre where the French-Canadian society came alive, in which the caricaturist drew under heavy fire the one then known as the « cheuf », his party, the National Union, and his governement, referred to as a « regime ». In doing so, La Palme devoted an important part of his works to the sensitive topic regarding immigration issues, foreigners, the « other », that all ponctuate his narrative, echoing the ongoing debates in postwar Québec. In this article, we propose to analyze the view of the caricaturist on these issues. By giving particular attention to debates concerning these matters under the Duplessis era, we will study the treatment given to these by the artist in his caricatures, that is how he brought these issues into the public space, specifically in electoral context where Unionists and Liberals alike faced each other, using an arsenal of stereotypes, clichés and visual codes. If the caricaturist frequently treated these issues for what they were, which were burning and sensitive issues, La Palme, as a good polemicist, did it first and foremost in order to attack the National Union and his chief, his old enemy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".