Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Agriculture, the cultivation of plants and domestication of animals by humans, is approximately 10 000 years old. In evolutionary terms this should be an insignificantly short period of time, but it has not been. Human agricultural activity has changed the world completely; the genotypes of domesticated species have often changed beyond recognition. The relative abundances of species on earth have been altered dramatically, so that previously uncommon weedy grasses (cereals) now dominate vast areas. Even the habitats occupied by wild species have frequently been modified so they now support entirely novel communities of plants and animals. Natural communities from late in succession have been replaced by communities with ecologies more typical of early succession. The move from hunter-gathering to farming has allowed the human population to rise to more than six billion and therefore everything that humans do, every impact that we make on the planet, can be considered as an indirect environmental impact of agriculture. However, the scope of this book is less ambitious as it covers the more immediate direct interactions between agriculture and the environment. The function of agriculture is to direct energy from the sun (including fossil sunlight) into the human food chain. Little of this energy that is utilised by humans is then available for the other inhabitants of our planet. This process involves a great deal of effort to convert natural habitats into agricultural ones and replace wild species with domesticated ones, while natural ecological processes are exerting pressure on the system in the opposite direction.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.088 | 0.055 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".