Probucol impairs cardiac function in apo E‐KO mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Despite beneficial cholesterol‐lowering and antioxidant properties of probucol, it paradoxically increases coronary atherogenesis in apo E‐KO mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probucol on cardiac function in apo E‐KO mice. Materials and Methods: Male apo E‐KO and C57BL/6 mice were fed an atherogenic diet with (treated, n=8) or without (control, n=8) 1% probucol for 16 weeks. Plasma cholesterol levels were measured. Murine echocardiography was performed serially at 6 week intervals. Results: Probucol treatment resulted in significant reductions in plasma cholesterol levels in both apo E‐KO (−30%, p<0.05) and C57BL/6 mice (−90%, p<0.01). Apo E‐KO mice treated with probucol showed early regional LV systolic dysfunction as early as 6 weeks with further decrease over time [endocardial velocity −40%; strain −40%, ejection fraction −10% (p<0.01)], with no impact on mortality. Such effects of probucol were not observed in C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions: Probucol impairs cardiac function in apo E‐KO mice. This may be related to previously observed coronary atherogenesis due to probucol in this animal model. Supported in part by URGP, HSF and NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".