Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous and Peritonsillar Dexamethasone Plus Levopubivacaine in Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effects of intravenous and peritonsillar dexamethasone plus levopubivacaine on postoperative pain, bleeding, nausea and vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Methods: After obtaining the approval of Ethics Committee of Çukurova University Medical Faculty Hospital and the patients were given informed consent, 60 patients of ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist) class I- II between ages 3-12 which were planned to be undergone elective tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were included. All patients were randomised and divided into 3 groups. After anesthesia induction, Group I (n=20) patients received 0.4 mg/kg %0.5 levobupivacaine for each tonsil at the dose of max. 4 ml with peritonsillar infiltration after before tonsillectomy. While Group II (n=20) and Group III (n=20) received levobupivacaine via the same route, Group II received i.v. (intravenous) dexamethasone 0.25 mg/kg and Group III 4 mg dexamethasone with peritonsillar infiltration additionally. All groups were administrated 1mg/kg tramadol iv as postoperative analgesic. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded after drug injections. Frequency of nausea and vomiting and analgesic requirements determined with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and CHEOPS (Children"s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale) at first, 10th, 20th, 30th, 45th minutes and first, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 24th hours were recorded. Postoperative bleeding were recorded at early and late periods. Results: The hemodynamic parameters and demographic data of groups were similar. The insidance of nausea and vomiting was statistically higher in Group I compared to Group II and III. First analgesic administered time was 3.15±0.88 in Group I, 4.85±1.09 in Group II and 5±1.21 in Group III and the difference was found significant. At postoperative period, VAS and CHEOPS scores were lower in group II than the other groups. Bleeding or other complications did not recorded. Conclusion: In concluded that, intravenous and peritonsillary dexamethasone prolonged the first analgesic administered time and decreased pain, nausea and vomiting compared to peritonsillar levobupivacaine alone in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. However, dexamethasone did not increase postoperative bleeding after tonsillectomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".