Disparity in childhood immunizations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Incomplete immunization coverage is common in low-income families and Aboriginal children in Canada. To determine whether child immunization coverage rates at two years of age were lower in low-income neighbourhoods of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Parents who were and were not behind in child immunization coverage were contacted to determine differences in knowledge, beliefs and opinions on barriers and solutions. A multivariate regression model was designed to determine whether Aboriginal cultural status was associated with being behind in childhood immunizations after controlling for low-income status. Reviewing the past five years in Saskatoon, the six low-income neighbourhoods had complete child immunization coverage rates of 43.7% (95% CI 41.2 to 45.9) for measles-mumps-rubella, and 42.6% (95% CI 40.1 to 45.1) for diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and Haemophilus influenzae type B. The five affluent neighbourhoods had 90.6% (95% CI 88.9 to 92.3) immunization coverage rates for measles-mumps-rubella, and 78.6% (95% CI 76.2 to 81.0) for diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and H influenzae type B. Parents who were behind in immunization coverage for their children were more likely to be single, of Aboriginal or other (non-Caucasian or non-Aboriginal) cultural status, have lower family income and have significant differences in reported beliefs, barriers and potential solutions. In the final regression model, Aboriginal cultural status was no longer associated with lower immunization status. Child immunization coverage rates in Saskatoon's six low-income neighbourhoods were approximately one-half the rate of the affluent neighbourhoods. The covariates with the strongest independent association with complete childhood immunization status were low income and other cultural status. Aboriginal cultural status was not associated with low child immunization rates after controlling for income status. Il est courant de constater une couverture vaccinale incomplète chez les enfants de familles à faible revenu et les enfants autochtones du Canada. À déterminer si les taux de couverture vaccinale chez les enfants de deux ans étaient plus faibles dans les quartiers à faible revenu de Saskatoon, en Saskatchewan. Les auteurs ont pris contact avec les parents qui avaient et ceux qui n'avaient pas pris de retard dans la couverture vaccinale de leur enfant afin de déterminer les différences en matière de connaissances, de convictions et d'opinions sur les obstacles et les solutions. Ils ont conçu un modèle de régression multivariée pour déterminer si, une fois le statut de faible revenu contrôlé, le statut culturel d'autochtone s'associait à un retard de l'immunisation des enfants. Au cours des cinq dernières années à Saskatoon, le taux de couverture vaccinale complète des enfants des six quartiers à faible revenu s'élevait à 43,7 % (95 % IC 41,2 à 45,9) pour la rougeole, la rubéole et les oreillons, et à 42,6 % (95 % IC 40,1 à 45,1) pour la diphtérie, la coqueluche, le tétanos, la polio et l'Haemophilus influenzae de type b. Les cinq quartiers aisés présentaient un taux de couverture vaccinale de 90,6 % pour la rougeole, la rubéole et les oreillons (95 % IC 88,9 à 92,3), et de 78,6 % pour la diphtérie, la coqueluche, le tétanos, la polio et l'H influenzae de type b (95 % IC 76,2 à 81,0). Les parents qui étaient en retard dans la couverture vaccinale de leur enfant étaient plus susceptibles d'être célibataires, autochtones ou d'un autre statut culturel (non-blancs ou non-autochtones), d'avoir un revenu familial plus faible et de présenter des différences considérables en matière de convictions, d'obstacles et de solutions potentielles. Dans le modèle de régression final, le statut culturel d'autochtone ne s'associait plus à un statut d'immunisation plus faible. Les taux de couverture vaccinale des enfants des six quartiers à faible revenu de Saskatoon correspondent à environ la moitié du taux des quartiers aisés. Les covariables les plus fortement associées de manière indépendante au statut de vaccination des enfants étaient le faible revenu et un autre statut culturel. Le statut culturel d'autochtone ne s'associait pas au statut de couverture vaccinale des enfants, une fois le revenu contrôlé.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".