Prolonged ischaemia impairs muscle blood flow and oxygen uptake dynamics during subsequent heavy exercise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Muscle oxygen uptake ( ˙VO₂,mus) dynamics at the onset of exercise can be affected by prior heavy exercise.We tested the hypothesis that elevated forearm blood flow (FBF) following prior circulatory occlusion would also be associated with accelerated ˙VO₂,mus dynamics during subsequent heavy hand-grip exercise. Ten trained young men performed 5 min of heavy hand-grip exercise at 30% MVC as a control (CON), and four additional heavy bouts after brief recovery from: (1) prior heavy exercise (Heavy A), (2) heavy exercise followed by 2 min occlusion (Heavy B), (3) 15 min occlusion (Heavy C), and (4) 5 min occlusion with 1 min of moderate exercise during occlusion (Heavy D). FBF was measured by ultrasound and arterial venous oxygen content difference was calculated from venous blood samples to estimate ˙VO₂,mus. FBF and ˙VO₂,mus dynamics were quantified from the rise time. All priming conditions elevated FBF immediately before the start of subsequent heavy bout (Heavy A: 207.4 ±92.8, B: 207.8±75.8, C: 135.8±59.2, D: 199.5±59.0 vs. CON: 57.4±16.6mlmin−1, P <0.01). Unexpectedly, prior occlusion reduced FBF and O2 extraction at the onset of subsequent heavy exercise and consequently slowed ˙VO₂,mus dynamics (Heavy C: rise time=95.9±28.9 vs. CON: 58.6±14.3 s, P <0.01). FBF and ˙VO₂,mus dynamics were faster in Heavy A, B and D compared to CON (P <0.05). Overall, there was a positive correlation between the rise times for ˙VO₂,mus and FBF (r² =0.75) indicating that ˙VO₂,mus dynamics during heavy forearm exercise are linked to O₂ delivery in trained young men. To investigate a possible mechanism for slower adaptation of ˙VO₂,mus following ischaemia, the prior occlusion condition was repeated after ingesting a high dose of ibuprofen. This resulted in restoration of the FBF and ˙VO₂,mus to control levels suggesting that a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism after occlusion retarded the adaptation of blood flow and oxygen consumption at the onset of subsequent heavy exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".