Coal combustion in O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> mixtures compared with air
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract As part of CO2 abatement strategies for climate change, we are investigating coal combusion behaviour in various O2/CO2 mixtures and in air. The goal is to simulate conditions of coal combustion with flue gas recirculation in order to maximize the CO2 concentration in the flue gas prior to its recovery. A western Canadian sub‐bituminous coal and a U.S. eastern bituminous coal were investigated. Thermal input was set at 0.21 MW with a flue gas oxygen concentration of 5 vol%. Experiments were done using various O2/CO2 mixtures and air. The oxygen concentration ranged from 21% to 42%. Up to 95% CO2 concentrations were achieved in the flue gas. This paper describes experimental results in terms of flame temperatures and pollutant emissions (NOx', SO2 and CO).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".