The Empirical Study on the Different Effects on Urban and Rural Consumption by Urbanization in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Consumption and urbanization mainly by transferring labor force are important variables in China. The article puts the two into analysis to consider the quality of the urbanization, selecting the data of urbanization rate, average consumption of urban and rural residents, using econometric tools of co-integration analysis, ECM and Granger causality test, and after that the paper finds the effects on urban and rural consumption by urbanization are extremely different: The urbanization rate has a long-term equilibrium relationship with urban residents’ consumption, but does not have this relationship with rural one. The dynamic relationship between the urban consumption and urbanization is that the former makes the latter rise up, then the two promote each other, and finally the latter makes the former go up remarkably. Further more, although urbanization influences urban residents’ consumption obviously, yet there is a delayed effect. So we should shift the production-factor-oriented urbanization model to people-oriented one, boost the supply of public goods, focus on the development of agricultural sector, increase the income of rural households to expand the consumption of rural residents and improve their qualities of lives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".