Presence and perseverance : Blacks in Hants County, Nova Scotia, 1871-1914
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the early nineteenth century, Black refugees from the Southern United States immigrated to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick as a result of being offered freedom and a chance to own property if they fought for the British or escaped from their owners' plantations or farms and managed to get behind British lines. The majority of these escaped refugees settled in Nova Scotia in the communities of Preston and Hammonds Plains, although a few small groups settled in other more remote communities throughout the province. At no time were the circumstances of the refugees less than dire. In most cases the residents in the areas where the government chose to settle them looked upon them as an intrusion and treated them as a separate and inferior segment of the population. As a consequence, the refugees found it necessary at all turns to adopt approaches that might help them combat their differential treatment. \n \nIn Hants County, Nova Scotia, the Black families adapted to these circumstances during the nineteenth century and the first decade and a half of the twentieth century, albeit with great effort. There was employment for them but usually at the lower end of the economic scale, and the land that they were settled upon was of limited agricultural value. Nevertheless, these families actively participated in issues that affected them directly, or had a large impact on the welfare and future success of their offspring. The agency shown by these people would result in the generations following them achieving a level of competency not thought attainable by the immigrant generation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".