Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper analyzes the historical trajectory or pathway of the United Nations. Its method or approach is that of macro-history. The paper distinguishes four potential pathways: progress, evolutionary growth, discontinuity, and recurrence or cyclicality. The paper argues that the UN is not on a path of progress from Divided Nations to United World; instead there is a recurring pendulum swing between golden ages of relative unity and dark ages of division. The paper argues that the course of UN history has been marked by four landmark cycles. The first was from the wartime unity of the Grand Alliance, and the establishment of the UN, to postwar, Cold War, division. The next was from the emergence of unity over decolonization and development circa 1960 to the North-South conflict. The third cycle was from the new unity in the early post-Cold War years to new divisions in the late 1990s. Most recently, we have witnessed a dramatic fourth swing of the pendulum from unity in response to 9/11 to bitter division over the Iraq War.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".