Effect of CaO/Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ratio on viscosity and crystallisation behaviour of mould flux for high Al non-magnetic steel
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to facilitate the development of CaO–Al2O3 based mould flux for casting high aluminium, non-magnetic steel, the effect of CaO/Al2O3 ratios from 0.6 to 3.2 on viscosity and crystallisation characteristics were investigated with the aid of a rotational viscometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a single hot thermocouple technique and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that, at temperatures above 1543 K (1270°C), the viscosity first decreased and then became stable with increase in the CaO/Al2O3 ratio. At temperatures below 1543 K (1270°C), the viscosity again first decreased but then increased, with the CaO/Al2O3 ratio. This viscosity behaviour can be attributed to changes in the network structure characteristics and the precipitation of solid particles within the liquid flux. Increase in the CaO/Al2O3 ratio also first inhibited and then enhanced crystallisation as demonstrated by the changes in initial crystallisation temperatures and incubation times. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed that, at both low and high CaO/Al2O3 ratios, the dominant precipitates were compounds with high melting points. On the other hand, with CaO/Al2O3 ratios in the midrange, the dominant precipitates were compounds with relatively low melting temperatures. It is concluded that mould flux with a CaO/Al2O3 ratio in the range 1.1–1.6 is the most appropriate for casting high aluminium, non-magnetic steels.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it