Bibliographic record
Abstract
Review: Under Ground: How Creatures of Mud and Dirt Shape Our World By Yvonne Baskin Reviewed by Kathy Piselli Atlanta-Fulton Public Library, USA Yvonne Baskin, with illustrations by Joyce Ann Powzyk Under Ground: How Creatures of Mud and Dirt Shape Our World. Washington, DC: Shearwater Press, 2005. 256pp. ISBN: 1-59726-003-7 (paperback); US$26.95. After about the age of 12 it is not easy to find popular reading material about those worms that fascinated some of us so much as children. So if you were a child who loved reading about garden critters, you will be delighted with this book on soil animals. A self-described “obsessive gardener,” science writer Yvonne Baskin has produced a fascinating book written for adults, with engaging line drawings by science illustrator and biology professor Joyce Ann Powzyk. Baskin begins with Mars. She had a bone to pick with reporters who described what NASA’s Rover mission was finding on Mars as “soil” for, as she points out, the definition of “soil” implies “life,” and so far no life has been found on Mars. On Earth, rock becomes “soil” by harboring “the most diverse and abundant web of life known in the universe,” perhaps more biologically diverse than the Amazon rainforest aboveground. These creatures literally shape our world. In spite of their critical role in our existence, the world below ground is not well studied. Microbes are not as fetching as baby chimps or as exciting as big cats. Yet Baskin manages a tour of some pretty gripping stuff, for a denizen of the underground can be an organism larger than a blue whale, heavier than a cow, or able to live in unbelievably forbidding places. The individual chapters comprise a worldwide travel itinerary. Baskin journeys with scientists of the international Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) to study nematodes in Antarctica, microbes in Yellowstone, and fungi on Vancouver Island. Along the way she explains the role of soil animals in maintaining the earth “in a life-friendly state.” Do not miss Powzyk’s rendering of tardigrades, or water bears, on p. 45. A children’s cartoonist could not have invented such a creature from the imagination. These animals, about the size of a tiny dot, live all over the globe, including three species found in Antarctica. Among their skills is a
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".