The acoustics and articulation of mandarin sibilants: Improving our data by modeling the palate with EMA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) is a tool for tracking the motion of the articulators during speech. Mandarin has a three-way place contrast for sibilants: alveolar, palatal and retmflex. For each place there are three possible manners of articulation: fricatives, unaspirated aifricates and aspirated aifricates. Place of articulation (PoA) of Mandarin Sibilants is readily distinguished by peak COG. For all manners of articulation, alveolar sibilants had the highest COG, retroflex the lowest, and palatal in the middle. Manner of articulation is distinguished by the relative time of the COG peak. The constriction location (cl) and constriction degree (cd) of the tongue tip (TT) and tongue body (TB) coils were calculated using this model. At each sample, the shortest line in the sagittal plane between the tongue coil and the palate model was found.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".