Bibliographic record
Abstract
From the Enlightenment to the Nazi era, Jewish diaspora identity within the territory of the Habsburg Monarchy and its successor states (the Austrian First Republic and the Austrofascist system that existed between 1934 and 1938) vacillated between Jews’ sense of integration, assimilation, and belonging to the larger society in which they lived and a sense of exclusion from it. Four historical turning points were most relevant to the lives and perceptions of the Jewish population of Austria: the 1780s, bringing legislation infused with the spirit of the Enlightenment; 1848 as the first expression of participation by Jews in the political life of society at large; the attainment of equal rights in 1867; and, beginning in 1879, anti-Semitism, nationalism, and rejection of the integration of the Jewish population. The Jews of the Habsburg Monarchy were ultimately the only discernable ethnic group to symbolize the dynastic principle of the multi-ethnic state, in that they did not live in a geographically defined region in which they constituted an identifiable majority; with the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1918, their role became that of a conspicuous and vulnerable minority.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".