Single cell size estimation from backscattered spectrum by using some weak acoustic scattering approximations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A method for the sizing of a cell in suspension by ultrasonic means is discussed. The technique uses frequency minima of the backscatter intensity pattern for an acoustically weak scatterer and provides a simple formula for scatterer size estimation in the framework of the Born approximation. The technique has been implemented here to examine performance of the Born approximation and a modified Born approximation in predicting size of a cell in a suspension. This was done by comparing the mean diameter of a cell obtained from optical microscopic measurements over many cells and that determined by employing these approximations only using the minima of measured high-frequency (10-65 MHz) ultrasonic backscatter spectra. Both approximations in estimating size of a scatterer worked with high accuracy (error < 3%) for scatterers like PC-3 cells (ka a 0.55-3.58) and sea urchin oocytes (ka a 1.54-10.03) where, k and a are the wave number of the incident wave and scatterer size respectively. This study suggests that this simple method can be used to estimate cell size.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".