Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This article compares suicide in the immigrant and Canadian-born populations. DATA SOURCES: The suicide data are from the Canadian Vital Statistics Data Base and the World Health Statistics Annual of the World Health Organization. The socio-demographic information used to determine denominators for suicide rates in Canada comes from the Census of Population. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Age-standardized suicide rates by sex and place of residence were calculated for the immigrant and Canadian-born populations, as were age- and sex-specific suicide rates. Three-year average rates, centred on census years 1991 and 1996, were used. A weighted data set based on 8 of the top 10 countries of birth for immigrants to Canada was created for international comparisons. Differences between rates were tested for statistical significance. MAIN RESULTS: Suicide rates for the immigrant population were about half those for the Canadian-born. Among immigrants, suicide rates increase with age; among the Canadian-born, suicide is a "younger" phenomenon. Although male suicide rates exceeded female rates in both populations, the difference was less pronounced among immigrants. The pattern of suicide among immigrants was more like that in their countries of origin than that of the Canadian-born population. Immigrants living in Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver had lower suicide rates than immigrants in other parts of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".