Cationic ferritin changes outflow facility in human eyes whereas anionic ferritin does not.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the effect of charged moieties within the outflow pathway on aqueous outflow facility in human eyes. METHODS: After baseline facility measurement in human eye bank eyes (n = 10 pairs), one eye of each pair received anterior chamber exchange and continued perfusion with medium containing 10 mg/ml cationic ferritin. Contralateral eyes were treated in a similar manner with anionic ferritin (10.0 or 102 mg/ml). Eyes were fixed by anterior chamber exchange and perfusion with universal fixative at 8 mm Hg (corresponding to a physiologic pressure of 15 mm Hg in vivo) and examined by transmission electron microscopy. In a second series of human eyes (n = 8 pairs), facility was measured before and after anterior chamber exchange, with a solution containing 0.1 U/ml neuraminidase. RESULTS: Perfusion of eyes with anionic ferritin at either 10.0 or 102 mg/ml caused a negligible 2% increase in facility, whereas cationic ferritin perfusion reduced facility by 66% (P < 0.00001). Perfusion with fixative reduced facility by approximately 60% in both cationic and anionic ferritin-perfused eyes, relative to facilities after perfusion with ferritin. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the distribution of ferritin was segmentally variable. Cationic ferritin consistently labeled the luminal surface of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal, and variably labeled the juxtacanalicular connective tissue (JCT) and trabecular beam surfaces. Anionic ferritin was more prominent in the JCT and intertrabecular spaces and less so on the luminal surface of Schlemm's canal. By scanning electron microscopy, cationic ferritin was seen to accumulate at intercellular margins of the inner wall. Neuraminidase perfusion had no significant effect on outflow facility. CONCLUSIONS: Cationic ferritin reduces outflow facility, presumably by binding to negatively charged sites in the outflow pathway. A possible mechanism is partial or complete blockage of intercellular clefts in the inner wall of Schlemm's canal by the ferritin that accumulates on the luminal surface of the inner wall. Although they are possible targets for ferritin binding, sialyl residues themselves seem to have little direct effect on outflow facility. Our data indicate that positively charged molecules, especially if they can interact with inner wall pores, have the potential to markedly alter outflow facility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".