Activation of Kinases upon Volume Changes: Role in Cellular Homeostasis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cell is constantly encountering stimuli or conditions that can induce alterations to cell volume. Despite these challenges, cell volume remains relatively constant, by virtue of a series of complex and often redundant regulatory mechanisms. Acutely, an efflux of ions and organic osmolytes counteracts the tendency of cells to swell. Conversely when cells are exposed to perturbations that cause shrinkage, ions are rapidly imported. Chronic hypertonic stimulation increases the transcription of multiple genes whose products promote the intracellular accumulation of organic osmolytes. How the cell perceives these acute alterations in volume in order to signal the activation of specific channels, transporters and transcription factors has been the focus of a large body of research. In this article, we describe the central role that kinases play in mediating the cellular responses to alterations in cell volume. Although incompletely understood, these fundamental processes are key to cellular homeostasis and have obvious clinical implications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".