Metropolitanisation : a tale of three cities in Canada and South Africa
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metropolitan restructuring has been high on the agenda in South Africa and Canada in the quest for effective local governance. An important point of departure in both countries was that the two-tier system was part of the problem, not the solution (Sancton 2002:179; Woolridge 2002:132). Metropolitisation has been influenced by the global trend of 'less government is better government', and the need for equity, uniformity, standardisation, redistribution, and financial sustainability (South Africa) and savings (Canada). The expected benefits are difficult to quantify in South Africa, given the developmental challenges. Downloading and decentralisation in both countries have resulted in unfunded mandates being borne by municipalities, which has impacted negatively on their financial sustainability. The local case studies have indicated that structural and organisational change does not guarantee savings, financial sustainability or improved service delivery.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it