Assessment of lightning induced voltages in buried cables for SPD implementation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The transient behavior of a cable, such as a communication line, entering a building subjected to a lightning stroke is investigated using the electromagnetic field theory approach. The field theory method used is essentially an extension of antenna theory to low frequencies. The computation of transient voltages is carried out using the MultiFields software package. The article focuses on the transient induced voltages at the boundary of two different lightning protection zones as required by the IEC 62305-3 standard. The main objective is to provide a computational analysis for the Surge Protection Device (SPD) implementation regarding the lightning equipotential bonding. Induced voltages are computed as well as the electric field in the air gap between the cable and the reinforcement rebar. SPDs and air break down voltages cause-effects are discussed briefly. Influences of several parameters are studied. Different waveforms with various peak values of current surges are examined. In this paper, authors demonstrate the importance of some parameters on the analysis of the transient ground potential rises to the lightning stroke for sparking risks prevention. Time domain results are shown as static 2D plots.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".