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Record W1575623015 · doi:10.3395/reciis.v2i1.825

The culture of numbers: the origins and development of statistics on science

2008· article· en· W1575623015 on OpenAlexaff
Benoît Benoît

Bibliographic record

VenueAmericanae (AECID Library) · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicScience and Science Education
Canadian institutionsInstitut National de la Recherche Scientifique
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesPhysicsMathematicsPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A ciência da mensuração se tornou uma “indústria”. Em primeiro lugar, quando, como e porque a ciência veio a ser mensurada? Como uma atividade “cultural” – ciência – há muito conhecida como não acessível à estatística, vem a ser mensurada? A estatística deve a sua existência ao contexto de tempo: 1) mensurando a contribuição de grandes homens, entre eles cientistas da civilização, e melhorando as condições sociais de cientistas; conseqüentemente, 2) a política da ciência e a eficiência de investimentos em pesquisa. Antes dos anos 1920, eram os próprios cientistas que faziam as mensurações da ciência. As estatísticas coletadas relativas a homens da ciência ou cientistas, sua demografia e geografia, sua produtividade e desempenho eram usados para promover o que era chamado de avanço da ciência. Nos anos 1940 e posteriormente, o tipo de estatística coletada mudou completamente. Não eram mais os cientistas que as coletavam e sim os governos e agências de estatísticas. As estatísticas mais apreciadas, a partir de então, eram o dinheiro dedicado à pesquisa e desenvolvimento.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.095
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.277
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.995
Threshold uncertainty score0.501

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0950.277
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.001
Bibliometrics0.0130.013
Science and technology studies0.0050.073
Scholarly communication0.0200.033
Open science0.0030.009
Research integrity0.0060.017
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.303
Teacher spread0.274 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2008
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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