Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adopting the approach that nationality is primarily a cultural phenomenon, this essay analyzes patterns of national news coverage in Canadian newspapers between 1890 and 1930. Based on an examination of 6,800 articles that appeared in 17 newspapers, the essay concludes that national news presented an image of the nation that focussed heavily and consistently on federal politics and government in Ottawa—the “state” part of the nationstate—and on the province of Ontario. The proportion of coverage devoted to Quebec steadily declined after 1900, while the volume of news about Western Canada increased. Beyond this, newspapers in different areas of the country printed a varying mix of national news (as did French- and English-language newspapers in Quebec), so that the image of the nation differed depending on one’s vantage point. Coverage also varied along rural-urban lines, with smaller localities depicted mainly as places where crime and accidents took place. Over all, national news coverage affirmed both unity and equality (in that all citizens shared a focus on Ottawa and Ontario) and, at the same time, hierarchy and difference (in that other parts of Canada received less attention).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.017 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".