Diagnostic and prognostic value of the methylation status of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 in colorectal cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of the methylation status of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Methylation-specific PCR assay was performed to analyze SFRP2 promoter methylation in solid tissue, stool and serum samples collected from 169 CRC patients, 63 patients with advanced adenomas, 46 patients with non-adenomatous polyps and 30 normal healthy controls. RESULTS: Methylated SFRP2 was frequently detected in CRC tissues and precancerous lesions. The sensitivity of SFRP2 methylation levels in tissue, fecal and serum DNA for the detection of CRC was similar, ranging from 66.9 to 88.2%; however, serum SFRP2 methylation levels showed a markedly higher specificity in discriminating CRCs from benign adenomas than those of SFRP2 methylation levels in tumor and fecal DNA. Moreover, serum SFRP2 methylation was significantly associated with poor differentiation grade (P=0.019), serosal/subserosal invasion (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis status (P < 0.001) and TNM stage (P < 0.001) of CRC. CRC patients with SFRP2 hypermethylation in tumor, stool and serum samples had a significantly shorter overall survival than those negative for SFRP2 methylation (P=0.0216, 0.0219, and 0.0255, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SFRP2 promoter methylation in tumor samples was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that serum SFRP2 methylation status represents a promising, non-invasive marker for CRC detection and staging. Hypermethylated SFRP2 may have prognostic relevance in patients with CRC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".