Submillimeter Imaging of a Protocluster Region at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] = 3.09
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have used the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) detector on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope to measure bright submillimeter emission associated with a recently discovered extensive (>100 h -1 kpc) and highly luminous "blob" of Lyα emission at z = 3.09. The blob lies within a known large overdensity of optical sources in the z = 3.07-3.11 range and is centered on a locally overdense peak within this region. The best explanation for the copious submillimeter emission is a dust-obscured continuum source, which may produce the ionizing flux for the Lyα cloud. Cooling gas explanations are plausible but excessively complicated, and the 450/850 μm ratio rules out a significant fraction of the signal arising from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich increment. At least two additional ≃10 mJy submillimeter detections in the SCUBA map, with a surface density significantly higher than in blank-field surveys, suggest that they may be associated with the z = 3.09 structure. A SCUBA "photometry" observation of a second nearby Lyα blob tentatively detects a weaker submillimeter counterpart.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".