Bibliographic record
Abstract
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: PEOPLE, PRACTICE, PLACE Valorie A. Croooks and Gavin J. Andrews Surrey: Ashgate 2009, 273 pp, CAN134.91 ISBN-13 978-0754672470On a railway bridge from my childhood I remember the gentle graffiti 'geography is everywhere'. Given the frequency with which many people in the world visit some form of primary health care provider, the geography of primary health care should be similarly ubiquitous.While the importance of geography to health care has become well known, explicit links to primary care have been relatively sparse. It is thus refreshing to have an international collection of perspectives that link people, health care practice and place within the context of primary care. In this book Valorie Crooks and Gavin Andrews, academic geographers from Canada, have drawn together a distinguished and diverse group of collaborators from the geographical and social sciences as well as clinical practice.The writing style throughout is of a high standard and the book contains contributions and contexts from a number of different countries and regions. The overall result gives us an opportunity to delve into the geography of primary care in such diverse locations as Peru, New Zealand, the UK and Canada, realising that the chapters are essays which bind together through generic themes rather than a comprehensive regional health geography.The editors' overall aim is to 'construct accounts of why place matters' within the context of primary health care, and the book begins with an introduction to key concepts in health geography and refl ections on the nature of Primary Health Care itself. It is then divided into three main sections, but with considerable overlap between them. Each chapter has useful signposting and summary points, making it easier for the nongeographer to navigate virgin territory.The first section addresses the 'practices and delivery' of primary health care and encompasses important themes to geographers and members of the health sector, including access and utilisation patterns and the debate as to whether primary care should be delivered in a comprehensive way or selectively in silos.There are thought-provoking themes throughout. Geography, it is suggested with some justifi cation, is the historical foundation for health care practice. Hippocrates produced a coherent treatise of preventive health care based on health, unhealthy 'places' and lifestyle practices, long before there was any rational science to medical practice. There is also a coherent account of the growth of health geography as a discipline and the recent developments which defi ne 'place' as not just a geographical location but the complex environment in which patient and provider experiences are taken into account.There is also a fascinating discussion about the implications of geographical scale and healthcare. We are encouraged to make sense of health care by considering the 'Russian Dolls' that represent different geographical scales fi tting one inside the other. The practice of the politics and policies of the WHO defi ne the global scale doll, while the ways community health centres carry out their work have an equally important impact but constitute scale at a much more micro-level.The second part of the book is focused on the different people engaged in primary health care and their geographical and social contexts. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".