Clusterin, a potential pathophysiological actor in rheumatoid arthritis
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using real-time quantitative PCR on a larger set of samples than on the microarray study, we demonstrated the highly significant ( P < 0.0001) underexpression of clusterin in RA versus OA and versus synovial tissues of healthy individuals. The fold differential expression between OA and RA was 9.8 and between healthy tissue and RA was close to 5.2. Northern blot analysis further confirmed this differential expression and did not demonstrate an alternative splicing form of mRNA between RA and OA. Immunohistochemistry analyses of synovial tissues demonstrated that clusterin protein was mainly localised in synovial cells. The differential expression between OA and RA persisted in third-passage synovial cells. Western blot extended this differential expression at the protein level and pointed towards specific impairment of protein isoforms in RA tissues compared with OA tissues. The differential expression concerned both the intracellular and nuclear isoforms of the protein as evidenced by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Due to the numerous functions associated with clusterin, the strong underexpression of clusterin mRNA in RA synovial tissue, which is associated with the specific impairment of the intracellular forms of the protein, could have tremendous effects on several pathophysiological processes taking place in RA.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it