Du vin d'Espagne au champagne : la «carte des vins» de la Nouvelle-France au XVIII siècle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of the importation of wine to Canada in the eighteenth century taps a rich vein of the history of the economy, and of consumption and cultural practices in the French colony. The trade in wine in New France was dependent on the particular tastes prevalent in France at the time. Accounts from this period as well as ships' manifests show that these tastes spread to New France. Red wine has always been very popular, while fortified wines have been a favourite among imports since the second quarter of the eighteenth century. The clientele for wines and fortified wines imported to the colony was made up primarily of the elite, both ecclesiastical and secular. Drinking wine was thus a concrete expression of the social hierarchy, being the outward sign of a high standard of living and a desire for refinement. In New France, wine consumption assumed added importance as the upholding of this cultural tradition assured continued identification with France. Resume L'etude de l'importation de vins au Canada au XVIIIe siecle constitue une riche voie d'acces vers l'histoire economique et vers l'histoire de la consommation et des pratiques culturelles de la colonie francaise. La circulation des vins en Nouvelle-France etait conditionnee par les gouts particuliers qui prevalaient en France a l'epoque. Les temoignages des contemporains et les inventaires de cargaisons demontrent que la diffusion de ces gouts s'etendait jusqu'en Nouvelle-France. Le vin rouge a toujours ete tres populaire tandis que les vins de liqueur ont occupe une place de choix dans les importations des le deuxieme quart du XVIIIe siecle. La clientele pour les vins et vins de liqueur importes dans la colonie se composait principalement de gens de l'elite, tant ecclesiastique que laique. Boire du vin permettait donc d'exprimer concretement la hierarchie sociale, etant le signe exterieur d'un niveau de vie eleve et d'une volonte de raffinement. En Nouvelle-France, la consommation du vin revetait une importance supplementaire puisque le maintien de cette tradition culturelle assurait une continuite identitaire avec la France.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".