To Kill a Mocking Worm: Strategies to Improve <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> as a Model System for use in Anthelmintic Discovery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can be a powerful model system for the discovery and characterization of new anthelmintics. C. elegans is free-living and its use therefore circumvents the complications of culturing parasitic nematodes that are invariably dependent on a host to complete their life cycle. C. elegans is also small (1 mm in length), hermaphroditic, and has a 3-day life cycle. These features make C. elegans a seemingly ideal high-throughput platform with which to discover novel anthelmintics. However, C. elegans has formidable xenobiotic defenses that have likely evolved to protect it from a plethora of chemical insults in its native environment. In this chapter, we will discuss the extent of C. elegans xenobiotic resistance and review strategies to circumvent this resistance in order to take full advantage of one of the most powerful animal models available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".