Heat Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Egg Yolk and Its Survivability in Mayonnaise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From the perspective of food safety and risk, we attempted to determine survivability of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in egg products. We investigated the heat inactivation of NDV in egg yolk, and also the inactivation of NDV in mayonnaise. The egg yolks used in this study were SPF-(Specific Pathogen Free)-egg yolk and a typical commercially available type. SPF-egg was derived from un-vaccinated hens. Two types of model mayonnaise were made of salad oil, vinegar, egg yolk and salt, similar to commercial products, using either commercial-egg yolk or SPF-yolk. The NDV strain used in this experiment was the B1/47 (vaccine strain). NDV in commercial egg yolk was inactivated immediately. After model mayonnaise and NDV were mixed, NDV in mayonnaise with commercial egg yolk was inactivated after one day. However, with the SPF-egg yolk, it took 5 days for the virus titre to drop below the detection limit. These findings suggest that NDV in commercial egg yolk may be rapidly inactivated, in part because of antibodies derived from the vaccination of hens against NDV. In addition, these findings suggest that mayonnaise is not a vehicle for the import and export of NDV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".