A Na‐dependent fructose co‐transporter in lobster hepatopancreas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
3H‐Fructose (Fru) and 3H‐Glucose (Glc) transport were determined in brush‐border membrane vesicles (BBMV), baso‐lateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) and isolated cells (E, R, F, B) of lobster, Homarus americanus , hepatopancreas (HP). Glc transport was Na‐dependent in BBMV and not affected by a ten‐fold excess of Fru, indicating the presence of an apparent SGLT‐1‐like transporter. Glc uptake by BLMV was facilitative and was not inhibited by a ten‐fold excess of Fru. Fru uptake by BBMV was hyperbolic, Na‐dependent, and not inhibited by Glc. Fru uptake by BLMV was Na‐dependent and not inhibited by Glc. Hepatopancreatic E, F and B cells showed Na‐dependent uptake of Fru, while R cells did not. Na‐dependent Fru uptake by E cells was not inhibited by Glc or mannose (Man). Glucose uptake by E cells was facilitative. Western blot analysis of BBMV, BLMV and E, R, F and B cells with antibodies for mammalian GLUT‐2, GLUT‐4, GLUT‐5, SGLT‐1 and SGLT‐4 indicated the presence of the respective lobster HP orthologous proteins. A GLUT‐2‐like protein (∼50 kD) was present in all four cell types and only in BLMV. A GLUT‐4‐like protein (∼50 kD) was localized to BLMV. A 50 kD, GLUT‐5‐like protein, was present in F and B cells and in BLMV. An SGLT‐1‐like protein (∼75 kD) was detected in R, F and B cells; the signal was strongest in F cells. The SGLT‐1‐like protein was limited to BBMV. An SGLT‐4‐like protein was present in E, R, and F cells; the strongest signal was from E cells. Comparison of Fru and Glc uptake by BBMV, BLMV, and cells, indicated distinct Na‐dependent cotransporters for each sugar. Supported by NSF grant IBN04‐21986.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".