Cardiovascular dynamics during exercise are related to blood rheology
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The principal determinants of oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics are controversial, with dynamic changes in central and peripheral factors mediating oxygen supply and utilisation suggested to be limiting. The aim of this study was to determine whether important parameters of blood rheology were related to the exercise-induced time-course changes in VO2 and cardiac output (Qc), or steady-state arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2D) during submaximal cycling. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood was collected from ten healthy, recreationally active males and females (age: 21.7 ± 1.3 yr; body mass index: 22.7 ± 2.0 kg · m(-2)), before each subject cycled at 105% of the first ventilatory threshold. Red blood cell aggregation was negatively correlated with steady-state VO2 during exercise and the a-vO2D at rest (r = -0.73, p < 0.05), and positively correlated to Qc at rest (r = 0.71, p < 0.05). Blood viscosity at various shear rates was negatively correlated with the time constant of VO2 (all p < 0.01) on-transient kinetics. Red blood cell deformability at various shear stress was positively correlated to the time constant of VO2 (all p < 0.05) on-transient kinetics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that the rheological properties of blood may modulate, at least in part, the rate of change in the uptake and/or utilisation of oxygen at the onset of exercise.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it